Slides: Address Spaces & Memory

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# Address Spaces & Memory
## CSC 213 – September 11, 2026

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# Agenda for Today
1. Department Events
2. Upcoming Work
3. Assignment Discussion: Ngram Generator
4. Memory Errors & Address Spaces
5. Wrap Up

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# Department Events

## CS Table: Bring Your Own Tech/Society News
.indent[
  Tuesday, September 15th at noon in the CS Commons
]

*To receive a token, send an email to let me know you attended no more than 48 hours after the event.*

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# Upcoming Work

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# Assignment 2: Sorted List

**Due:** Monday, September 14th by 11:59pm  
**Late Deadline:** Wednesday, September 16th at 10:00am

Let's look at a demo of a complete assignment first.

## Questions
*None so far.*

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# Shell Lab

**Due:** Wednesday, September 16th by 11:59pm  
**Late Deadline:** Monday, September 21st by 11:59pm

## Questions
*None so far.*

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# Assignment Discussion: <br>Ngram Generator

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# Memory Errors & Address Spaces

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# Discussion: Memory Errors
For each type of memory error, answer the following questions:

1. What causes the error?

2. What happens when the error occurs?  
   Consider the immediate consequences and any longer-term effects.

## Memory Errors

- Invalid Pointer Write
- Buffer Overflow
- Uninitialized Read
- Memory Leak
- Dangling Pointer Read/Write
- Double/Invalid Free

*Start by thinking of answers on your own. I will let you know when to start discussion.*

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# Address Sanitizer
Compile programs with Address Sanitizer to detect many memory errors.

## Instructions
Compile with the option `-fsanitize=address`, for example:
```
clang -fsanitize=address -o program program.c
```

or in a `Makefile`:

```Makefile
CFLAGS := -g -fsanitize=address
```

Run the program as usual.
If Address Sanitizer detects an issue, it will interrupt the program and print an error message.

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# Address Spaces
(delayed until next class)

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# Wrap Up

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# Reminders

## Upcoming Deadlines
- **Sorted List Assignment:** due Monday, or Wednesday morning with a token
- **Shell Lab:** due Wednesday, or the following Monday with a token

## Need help? Use your resources!
- Book an appointment during office hours
- Attend mentor office hours (Sunday from 3–5pm is next)
- Review slides, readings, and other course resources
- Use tools like `gdb` and AddressSanitizer to catch and diagnose issues

## Reading

- **Mechanism: Address Translation** (OSTEP, Chapter 15)
            
- **Paging: Introduction** (OSTEP, Chapter 18)